Higher income, education level and broadband speed each reduced the probability of violating recommended preventive measures, promoted health awareness, and lowered COVID-19 cases. Conversely, low access to healthy foods increased case counts. The study also reports findings on food habits, living conditions and the link between education and broadband access.

Among Food Farmacy‐only participants, post‐intervention depression and anxiety symptoms significantly improved only among those who did not have baseline depression/anxiety (PHQ9: −1.7 [95% CI: −2.8, −0.6]; GAD7: −1.8 [95% CI: −2.9, −0.8]). Among Food Farmacy +GMV participants, mental health symptoms improved regardless of baseline mental health; among those with baseline depression/anxiety: PHQ9: −2.4 (95% CI: −3.6, −1.2); GAD7: −0.9 (95% CI: −2.0, 0.1); among those without: PHQ9: −2.2 (95% CI: −3.2, −1.2); GAD7: −2.2 (95% CI: −3.1, −1.2).

Food-insecure and food-secure patients both experienced significant improvements in loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms from baseline (P < 0.01 for all). Between-group differences were observed only for anxiety, where patients with food security experienced significant improvements in anxious symptoms compared to food-insecure patients (-1.24 [-2.33, -0.14]; P = 0.03).

At eighteen months, the VeggieRx group experienced a mean body weight difference of -6.71 pounds and percentage body weight difference of -4.7 percent relative to control.

Participants demonstrated significant reductions in BMI and improved dietary behaviors, including decreased consumption of sodium, sugar, and fats. While changes in A1C levels were not statistically significant, the overall trend indicated improvement.

Fewer than half of the studies examining clinical values showed an association between PPR participation and improved health outcomes (for example, three of eight studies measuring weight or body mass index showed a statistically significant reduction, as well as two of the six studies measuring glycosylated hemoglobin).

Mixed results were found regarding diet quality indicators, physical health outcomes, and mental health.

A food subsidy produced better blood pressure control than a delivered food box. Offering lifestyle counseling and a longer benefit duration did not produce better blood pressure outcomes.

In unadjusted models, FD residence (vs non-FD) was associated with higher stroke incidence. After adjustment for age, sex, and race, this relationship was attenuated and no longer statistically significant.

PRx was associated with greater improvements in FV intake and greater reductions in loneliness. Between-group differences for FI and moderate-to-severe depression favored PRx but were not statistically significant. At 12 months, no significant between-group differences in healthcare utilization and costs were observed. Among the 105 (84%) intervention participants who completed 12-month follow-up, between the pre- and post-intervention periods, FI declined by 17.1%, FV intake increased by 0.4 cups/day, fatigue improved by 3.1 points, and among participants with elevated baseline BP, systolic BP decreased by 8.6 mmHg.

There were no clinically significant differences in cardiometabolic or health care utilization outcomes between patients who were randomized to receive the subsidy compared with a usual care control group.

Findings indicate that individuals with SCD in food deserts experience higher hospitalization rates due to complications related to poor nutrition, such as dehydration, anemia, and infections. 

The findings from this systematic review formed the basis for the CPSTF recommendation of FVI programs for households with lower incomes due to their strong effectiveness in reducing household food insecurity, increasing FV consumption, and improving blood glucose levels among participants at risk for or with diet-related health conditions. 

Odds of improving 1 level in self-reported health status increased for adults and children. Among adults with glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5%, glycated hemoglobin declined by −0.29% age points; among adults with hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressures declined by −8.38 mm Hg and −4.94 mm Hg; and among adults with overweight or obesity, BMI decreased by −0.36 kg/m2 . Child BMI z-score did not change −0.01.

In this randomized clinical trial, a monthly food voucher did not have an effect on HbA1c control or objective measures of diet quality but the voucher did increase self-reported vegetable and fruit consumption.

MTG program attendance was associated with favorable changes in market attendees vs nonusers in diastolic BP after 3 years from baseline, after accounting for confounders. No significant differences were observed in systolic BP, HbA1c, or weight.

Participants in nutrition incentives at >6 months demonstrated significantly higher fruit and vegetable intake than first-time participants and those ≤6 months. Significance was observed for reduced food insecurity and better perceived health.

After adjusting for county sociodemographic and clinical factors and regions, mixed-effects linear regression models showed significant differences in mortality rates (per 100,000) between counties with the highest vs lowest quartiles of food deserts and food swamps.

This study identified a notable relation among eating more pantry-source foods at home, multiple food distribution methods, and having lower SP/DP in a sample of low-income Baltimore adults, suggesting consistent access to pantry foods may be vital in regulating HTP risk for those experiencing food insecurity.

Graduates have an average HbA1C reduction of 1.09 percentage points compared to their baseline (n = 736, p < 0.00). Of graduates with an initial HbA1C ≥ 9%, HbA1C decreased by an average of 2.22 percentage points (n = 353, p < 0.00) from baseline. LDL levels de clined by 6.07 points (n = 315, p = 0.0038) from baseline. Graduates' average fruit and vegetable consumption increased 20.1% from baseline (n = 708, p < 0.00). Nutrition knowledge improved by 10.6% from baseline to the latest survey (n = 710, p < 0.00).

In this study, a program of home-delivered, DASH-style groceries plus dietitian counseling decreased BP and LDL cholesterol levels beyond comparable monetary compensation. However, effects were not maintained after the intervention ended.

Breast screening: of 8,392 weighted eligible female respondents, 74.6% reported mammography within two years. In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, food insecurity, lack of internet access, trouble with housing costs, lack of health insurance and transportation difficulties were each associated with significantly lower mammography rates (p<0.01); employment status was not (p>0.10). Colorectal screening: of 14,765 weighted eligible respondents, 69.0% were screened. Unadjusted, food insecurity, lack of college education, lack of internet access, trouble with housing costs, lack of health insurance, employment status and transportation difficulties all showed significantly lower screening (p<0.001); after adjustment only internet access, lack of health insurance, lack of college education and employment status remained significant (all p<0.001), while food insecurity (p=0.224), housing costs (p=0.628) and transportation delays (p=0.090) did not. Authors conclude lack of internet access, health insurance and formal education were independently associated with lower screening and call for targeted SDOH interventions.

Nutritional status had a significant total effect on post-stroke cognitive function (Estimate = 0.026, 95% CI 0.022–0.030, p < 0.001) among 284 ischemic stroke patients aged 60 and older followed at 3, 6 and 9 months post-stroke. A significant indirect effect through life-space mobility accounted for 24.94% of the total effect (Estimate = 0.006, 95% CI 0.004–0.008, p < 0.001), with the direct effect remaining significant (Estimate = 0.019, 95% CI 0.015–0.023, p < 0.001), indicating partial mediation. The cross-lagged panel model showed complete mediation for the T2–T3 pathway (β = 0.029, 95% CI 0.004–0.061, p < 0.05). The authors concluded that malnutrition can indirectly worsen post-stroke cognitive impairment via limited life-space mobility, underscoring the value of early malnutrition identification and mobility improvement.

Uncontrolled hypertension (≥ 140/90 mmHg) decreased significantly from 45.9% to 21.6% (P = 0.007, n = 41). There was no statistically significant change in mean hemoglobin A1c from baseline to program end (10.1% vs 9.7%; P = 0.17). Mean low-density and body mass index were not significantly different.

For the Food-only group (n=15), there was no significant change in hemoglobin A1c at either time point. For the Food + CHW group (n=16), the mean change in HbA1c was -0.85 (95% CI, [-0.048, -1.66], P value = 0.039) from baseline to 3 months and -1.65 (95% CI, [-2.84 - 0.472], P value = 0.012) from baseline to 6 months and a majority of participants (81%) had a reduction in hemoglobin A1c at six months. Diastolic blood pressure for the Food-only group increased by an average of 6.5 mmHg (p= 0.02) between baseline and 3 months but remained stable for the Food + CHW group. In both groups, systolic blood pressure and weight did not change significantly.

Food insecurity is associated with poorer physical and cognitive functioning in older adults.

Participants reported limited impact on diet and health due to the similarity of the food to their usual diet. Additional themes included the perceived benefit of food pantries within health care as a "one stop shop" and the importance of language concordance and being treated respectfully within the pantry.

R4H resulted in improvements in diet and multiple clinical health outcomes, such as non-HDL cholesterol and HbA1c.

Women living in counties with a Food Environment Index ≥8.8 (indicating greater access to healthy foods) were significantly less likely to experience weight gain.

The study does not currently have findings on HbA1c changes or diet quality.

The study found that the intervention led to a decrease in nonadmission ED utilization,

This intervention resulted in modifications to participant diets to increase whole food sources of essential nutrients that are evidenced to affect inflammation and immune system function among people with chronic pain.

The literature review found a relationship between food insecurity and diabetes mellitus management and glycemic control. The review found mixed results for the impact of interventions on self-management.

The study found the voucher plus pantry to be most effective for treatment completion. All three interventions were promising in improving food insecurity in the patient population.

The food pantry led to a decrease from 27% to 13% in at-risk nutritional status in the study participants.

The study found that pantry staff chose healthier options than clients and did not believe in the client's ability to choose healthier options. They also found that most clients would choose healthier options if they were offered.

The study found that The Food Pharmacy Network participants were less likley to experience very low food securty, increased self suffiency and increased fruits and vegetable serving sper day versus the control group.

The study found the intervention let to a 3% decrease in weight and 10% reduction in costs.

The study found that the intervention led to a decline in HbA1c in participants. There were also differences seen in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the study groups.

The study found that the FVRx intervention led to an increase in HEI-2010 scores (vegetable intake) and reduced HE-2010 scores (empty calories). There was no significant difference in body composition, HbA1c blood lipids, or blood pressure.

Studies found diet quality, health outcomes, and food insecurity status imroved.

The study measured sleep, mental health, and physical health outcomes. They found decreased depression symptoms, improved sleep sufficiency, and improved percieved health.

Hunger was found to be associated with increased medical expenses, job loss, pay reduction, increased debt, and death of a family member

Participants reported facilitators or the market were accessibility program experience, and the qualities of goods and servcies. Reported barriers included transportation challenes, weather, and not enough produce. They reported the market improved diet and finances.

The study found a significant decrease of food insecurity and blood pressure from participation in the program.

The program led to self-reported improvement in dietary behavior but did not have significant changes in clinical or healthcare utilization measures.

The study measures outcomes including HbA1c level at 6 months, other biometric measures, health care use, self-reported diet, and healthy behaviors. The study found increased engagement with preventive health care, but did not find a significant difference in HbA1c levels. but no improvement in glycemic control

The study takeaway was on the REM method and found it was a useful way to study the impact of programs such as SNAP-Ed.

The Veggie Rx program showed a statistically significant improvement in mean BMI between study groups.

The study found that the voucher initiative resulted in increased fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption.

The study found that the intervention increased vegetable expenditure but did not have an impact on vegetable consumption.

The study found that existing oral nutritional intervention studies have had limited evidence on the benefit to clinical outcomes from these interventions. They have shown increases in quality of life.

Articles used in the study found that food pantry interventions did have a positive impact on diet-related outcomes.

The study found the voucher plus pantry intervention had the highest treatment completion rate and was most effective at improving treatment completion. The three interventions also indicated a potential to improve food security among the medically underserved.

Literature showed improved household food insecurity, fruit and vegetable intake, and overall diet quality with interventions aimed at improving access to food for people with diabetes. It was not clear if it impacted clinical parameters and whole grain intake.

The study showed that the intervention was safe and will analyze the effectiveness of the intervention in a future RCT.

This study found that the intervention positively impacted the nutritional status of individuals with CHF. There was significant and positive impact on nutritional indexes and cardiopulmonary function indexes for the experimental group.

Studies showed promising but insignificant effects on physical functioning and conflicting results on muscle mass and improving health-related quality of life from nutrition and exercise interventions.

Studies showed a decrease in A1C, improved self-management, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms/diabetes distress, and quality of life. Some studies reported statistically significant improvements in food insecurity.

Food security, food stability, and fruit and vegetable intake significantly improved in participants, but there was no significant difference in self-management or HbA1c.