Park accessibility and distance to the nearest park were significantly positively correlated with older adults' mental health, while greater distance to the nearest public transit station was significantly negatively correlated. Social capital and community safety played significant mediating roles between the built environment and mental health. Among middle- and higher-income older adults, community safety partially mediated the relationship between distance to the nearest public transit station and mental health, and mediating pathways differed significantly by income level.

Structural factors, rather than screening uptake, were the top predictors of early-stage diagnosis. In multivariable models, uninsurance (β = −0.29) and public transportation dependence (β = −0.31) were associated with lower early-stage diagnosis, while community screening rate was not independently associated. The authors concluded that structural barriers disrupt the screening-to-diagnosis pathway at the community level and emphasized investment in follow-up infrastructure, including patient navigation and transportation.

At the end of the study, patient satisfaction with medical care, assessed by the RAND PSQ-18, was high in both arms. All 100% of intervention participants reported being more likely to attend medical visits because of the TAP-LT program, and there were no safety concerns.

This project reveals an "iceberg problem" where transportation insecurity's true magnitude remains hidden beneath outcome-oriented no-show metrics. The substantial discrepancy between low rates of transportation-related missed appointments (5.3%) and high social work time allocation (14.8%) demonstrates that no-show rates mask significant institutional workload required to maintain treatment adherence.

Structural ableism operated through distinct pathways for each outcome. State-level gaps by disability status in income, health insurance coverage and public transportation access significantly predicted worse self-rated health, while health insurance and housing accessibility gaps were the strongest predictors of functional limitation. The findings supported treating transportation and housing access disparities as structural determinants of health and functioning among people with disabilities.

Homebound status at 1 year post-injury affected 14.2% of participants, including 2% who never left home. Dependence on others or on special services for transportation, older age, less than a bachelor's degree, Medicaid insurance, residence in the Northeast or Midwest, unemployment or retirement, and needing assistance with locomotion, bladder management and social interaction were each associated with being homebound. After adjustment, homebound status carried a 1.69-times greater risk of 5-year mortality (95% CI 1.35–2.11) and a nonsignificant trend toward nursing home entry by 5 years (RR 1.90, 95% CI 0.94–3.87); mortality associations were consistent above and below age 65. The authors identified accessible public transportation and home care as modifiable targets for referral and policy intervention.

More than 10% of patients in the national dialysis cohort reported one or more social risk factor, and a higher burden of social risk factors was associated with increased odds of being neither actively waitlisted nor transplanted. The authors concluded that addressing social risk factors, including transportation barriers, may improve access to kidney transplant.